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Local Broadcast:
Tchaikovsky's Little Russian Symphony and Nielsen's Flute and Violin Concertos

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Tchaikovsky's Little Russian Symphony and Nielsen's Flute and Violin Concertos
This concert is now past.
Location: Avery Fisher Hall  (Directions)
Price Range: $33.00 - $107.00
 
Wed, Oct, 10, 2012
7:30 PM
 
Thu, Oct, 11, 2012
7:30 PM
 
Fri, Oct, 12, 2012
8:00 PM
 
Sat, Oct, 13, 2012
8:00 PM
Alan Gilbert

Program

  (Click the red play button to listen)
CARL NIELSEN (1865-1931)
Flute Concerto (1926)

This season, the New York Philharmonic performs all three of Carl Nielsen's concertos: flute, clarinet, and violin — a rare opportunity, given that Denmark's most important composer is better known for his six symphonies ("The Four Temperaments," "Espansiva," "Inextinguishable," for example). In 1921 Nielsen had heard a performance by the Copenhagen Wind Quintet and was so taken by their sound that he also composed a Wind Quintet for them the following year and promised to write a concerto for each member as well. He wanted each concerto to reflect the personality of the dedicatee. Unfortunately, deteriorating health prevented him from reaching his goal, and he was able to compose only the two on this program. The present one for flute was written for Holger Gilbert-Jespersen (1890-1975). Nielsen worked on his composition while traveling in Italy, but kept in touch with Gilbert- Jespersen, sending the music to the soloist as soon as it was completed. The concerto was to be premiered in Paris on an all-Nielsen concert, but the composer was unable to finish the work in time. He quickly supplied a temporary ending for the occasion, writing the "real" conclusion for the Copenhagen premiere in 1927. Birgitte Moyer-Vinding who knew Gilbert- Jespersen felt that the flute part reflected the musician's personality well, saying he was "a gentle soul with a wonderful sense of humor, and, like the music, also full of shadow and ambiguity. The Flute Concerto is a portrait so complete that new facets of his personality are discovered with each hearing." The work takes off with an energetic flurry of notes and soon lyrical passages alternate with more dissonant ones for both soloist and orchestra. Throughout the two-movement work there are furious outbursts of great power, but also sections in which the flute displays its gentle nature. Nielsen has a bit of fun with some trombone slides as the work draws to a spirited conclusion.
CARL NIELSEN (1865-1931)
Violin Concerto, Op. 33 (1911)

The present Violin Concerto was Carl Nielsen's first foray into the concerto genre. But he had a vision of what a concerto should be: "It must be good music and still take into account the display of the solo instrument in the best light, that is: eventful, popular, and brilliant without being superficial. These are contradictions that can and must and fuse into a higher unity. It amuses me no end." Nielsen already knew something about violin-playing; his father, an amateur fiddler, had instructed him. From him he also learned to play cornet, later joining a military band. After attending the Royal Academy of Music Nielsen became a member of the second violin section of the Royal Chapel in 1889, and later conductor of the same ensemble. Fast forward to the summer of 1911 when Nina Grieg, widow of Norway's national composer, invited him to spend part of the summer at Troldhaugen. It was there that Nielsen began the concerto-in fact, ensconced in Grieg's own little composing "hut." The composer himself was on the podium for the premiere in 1912 leading the Royal Danish Orchestra, with his son-in-law Emil Telmányi (1892-1988) as soloist. This work, along with the Third Symphony, "Sinfonia espansiva," coincidentally premiered at the same concert, finally gave Nielsen the critical acclaim he had longed for. Some guideposts for listening: the virtuoso cadenza that propels the audience into the first movement; the amusingly named second section of that movement, "Allegro cavalleresco" — full of gentleness and charm; and at the beginning of the second movement, the oboe's playing the pitches B-A-C-H (in German notation), a composer whom Nielsen held in great esteem. Our soloist Nikolaj Znaider has been an ardent advocate of the concerto, and his recording of it has garnered critical praise. And perhaps that's not surprising. He, too, was born in Denmark (in 1975) and studied at the Royal Danish Academy of Music. And in 1992, he won First Prize at the Carl Nielsen International Violin Competition.
Symphony No. 2, Little Russian
PETER ILYICH TCHAIKOVSKY (1840-1893)
Symphony No. 2, "Little Russian" (1872, rev. 1879-80)

Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky started his Second Symphony in Ukraine (nicknamed "Little Russia" at the time) while summering at the Davidov estate, home of his sister Sasha and his brother-in-law Lev Davidov. Tchaikovsky's friend, Nikolai Kashkin, dubbed the symphony "Little Russian" because of the Ukrainian folksongs that are the heart of its melodies. The composer had heard servants in the Davidov household sing such songs, including "Down by Mother Volga" and the most well-known, "The Crane," which inspired the lively finale of the symphony. Perhaps unintentionally, this symphony was in line with the compositional style of a group of Tchaikovsky's contemporaries — the nationalist composers known as "The Mighty Handful" or "The Five" — Modest Musorgsky, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Alexander Borodin, Mily Balakirev, and César Cui. But philosophically Tchaikovsky was at odds with them, thinking of these self-taught composers as amateurish for their use of native materials (he said they "are very gifted but they are all impregnated with the most horrible presumptuousness and a purely amateur conviction of their superiority over all other musicians in the universe"); they, in turn, disdained and distrusted Tchaikovsky's Western-oriented (i.e., not "Russian,") classical forms and his conservatory education. So it is ironic that today it is Tchaikovsky we think of as iconically Russian, beloved by all who hear his music. "My symphony was played last week with great success. I was called for many times and cheered repeatedly. Also I received 300 rubles from the Musical Society," said the pleased composer after the premiere. And at a subsequent performance soon thereafter, Tchaikovsky was awarded a silver cup and was crowned with a laurel wreath.

Artists

Alan Gilbert New York Philharmonic Music Director Alan Gilbert began his tenure in September 2009, launching what New York magazine called “a fresh future for the Philharmonic.” The first native New Yorker to hold the post, he has sought to make the Orchestra a point of civic pride for the city and country. “The Philharmonic is once again part of any conversation about the liveliness of the arts: a goal that Mr. Gilbert announced on arrival, then wasted no time in achieving,” The New York Times praised.

Mr. Gilbert’s creative approach to programming combines works in fresh and innovative ways. He has also forged artistic partnerships, introducing the positions of The Marie-Josée Kravis Composer-in-Residence and The Mary and James G. Wallach Artist-in-Residence, held in the 2012–13 season by Christopher Rouse and pianist Emanuel Ax, respectively; an annual, multi-week festival, which this season is The Bach Variations in collaboration with 92nd Street Y; and CONTACT!, the new-music series in which Philharmonic musicians perform works by today’s leading and emerging composers in New York’s more intimate venues.

In the 2012–13 season, Alan Gilbert conducts world premieres by Anders Hillborg, Steven Stucky, and Christopher Rouse; presides over a cycle of Brahms’s complete symphonies and concertos; conducts Bach’s Mass in B minor and an all-American program that includes Ives’s Fourth Symphony; leads the Orchestra on the EUROPE / SPRING 2013 tour; and continues The Nielsen Project, the multi-year initiative to perform and record the Danish composer’s symphonies and concertos, the first release of which was named by The New York Times as among the Best Classical Music Recordings of 2012. The season concludes with Gilbert’s Playlist, four programs showcasing themes and ideas that Alan Gilbert has introduced since becoming Music Director, including the season finale: a theatrical reimagining of Stravinsky’s Petrushka and The Fairy’s Kiss in collaboration with director/designer Doug Fitch that features New York City Ballet principal dancer Sara Mearns.

Last season’s highlights included performances of three Mahler symphonies, including the Second, Resurrection, on A Concert for New York on September 10; the Orchestra’s first International Associates residency at London’s Barbican Centre as part of its EUROPE / WINTER 2012 tour; the CALIFORNIA / SPRING 2012 tour; and Philharmonic 360, the Philharmonic and Park Avenue Armory’s acclaimed spatial music program featuring Stockhausen’s Gruppen, about which The New York Times said: “Those who think classical music needs some shaking up routinely challenge music directors at major orchestras to think outside the box. That is precisely what Alan Gilbert did.” Highpoints of Mr. Gilbert’s first two Philharmonic seasons included the acclaimed performance of Janáček’s The Cunning Little Vixen, hailed by The Washington Post as “another victory,” building on 2010’s wildly successful staging of Ligeti’s Le Grand Macabre, which The New York Times called “an instant Philharmonic milestone”; world premieres of works by Marie-Josée Kravis Composer-in-Residence Magnus Lindberg, John Corigliano, Christopher Rouse, and composers featured on CONTACT!; Mr. Gilbert’s Philharmonic debut as violin soloist in J.S. Bach’s Concerto for Two Violins; four concerts at Carnegie Hall; and four tours to Europe, as well as the Asia Horizons tour, which included the Philharmonic’s Vietnam debut at the historic Hanoi Opera House.

In September 2011 Alan Gilbert became Director of Conducting and Orchestral Studies at The Juilliard School, where he is also the first holder of Juilliard’s William Schuman Chair in Musical Studies. Conductor Laureate of the Royal Stockholm Philharmonic Orchestra and principal guest conductor of Hamburg’s NDR Symphony Orchestra, he regularly conducts leading orchestras nationally and internationally, such as the Boston Symphony Orchestra, Amsterdam’s Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra, and the Berlin Philharmonic. His 2012–13 season engagements include appearances with the Boston Symphony Orchestra, Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra, Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra, NDR Symphony Orchestra, and Berlin Staatskapelle.

Alan Gilbert made his acclaimed Metropolitan Opera debut in 2008 leading John Adams’s Doctor Atomic; the DVD and Blu-ray of this production received the 2012 Grammy Award for Best Opera Recording. Renée Fleming’s recent Decca recording Poèmes, on which he conducted, received a 2013 Grammy Award. Earlier releases garnered Grammy Award nominations and top honors from the Chicago Tribune and Gramophone magazine.

Mr. Gilbert studied at Harvard University, The Curtis Institute of Music, and Juilliard and was assistant conductor of The Cleveland Orchestra (1995–97). In May 2010 he received an Honorary Doctor of Music degree from Curtis, and in December 2011 he received Columbia University’s Ditson Conductor’s Award for his “exceptional commitment to the performance of works by American composers and to contemporary music.”

Visit Alan Gilbert's Official Website

Robert Langevin

With the start of the 2000–01 season, Robert Langevin joined the New York Philharmonic as Principal Flute, in The Lila Acheson Wallace Chair. In May 2001, he made his solo debut with the Orchestra in the North American premiere of Siegfried Matthus’s Concerto for Flute and Harp with Philharmonic Principal Harp Nancy Allen and Music Director Kurt Masur. His October 2012 solo performance in Nielsen’s Flute Concerto, conducted by Music Director Alan Gilbert, was recorded for inclusion in The Nielsen Project, the Orchestra’s multi-season traversal of all of the Danish composer’s symphonies and concertos, to be released by Dacapo Records.

Prior to the Philharmonic, Mr. Langevin held the Jackman Pfouts Principal Flute Chair of the Pittsburgh Symphony and was an adjunct professor at Duquesne University, in Pittsburgh. Mr. Langevin served as associate principal of the Montreal Symphony Orchestra for 13 years, playing on more than 30 recordings. As a member of Musica Camerata Montreal and l’Ensemble de la Société de Musique Contemporaine du Québec, he premiered many works, including the Canadian premiere of Pierre Boulez’s Le Marteau sans maître. In addition, Mr. Langevin has performed as soloist with Quebec’s most distinguished ensembles and has recorded many recitals and chamber music programs for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. He also served on the faculty of the University of Montreal for nine years.

Born in Sherbrooke, Quebec, Robert Langevin began studying flute at age 12 and joined the local orchestra three years later. While studying with Jean-Paul Major at the Montreal Conservatory of Music, he started working in recording studios, where he accompanied a variety of artists of different styles. He graduated in 1976 with two first prizes, one in flute, the other, in chamber music. Not long after, he won the prestigious Prix d’Europe, a national competition open to all instruments with a first prize of a two-year scholarship to study in Europe. This enabled him to work with Aurèle Nicolet at the Staatliche Hochschule für Musik in Freiburg, Germany, where he graduated in 1979. He then went on to study with Maxence Larrieu, in Geneva, winning second prize at the Budapest International Competition in 1980.

Mr. Langevin is a member of the Philharmonic Quintet of New York with which he has performed concerts on many continents. In addition, he has given recitals and master classes throughout the United States and in countries such as Canada, Spain, Costa Rica, Japan, North Korea, Singapore, and Vietnam. He is currently on the faculties of The Juilliard School, The Manhattan School of Music, and the Orford International Summer Festival. 

Nikolaj Znaider by George Lange

Nikolaj Znaider is not only a noted violin soloist, but also conductor and chamber musician. As a soloist he works regularly with the world's leading orchestras and conductors. He is artist-in residence-with the Dresden Staatskapelle Orchestra for the 2011–12 season, and the following year will make his conducting debut with Amsterdam's Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra, Accademia de Santa Cecilia Orchestra, and Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra. In the 2011–12 season at the London Symphony Orchestra he will play two concertos with Sir Colin Davis, conduct a large-scale symphonic program, and perform chamber music with the principals of the orchestra.

Valery Gergiev invited Mr. Znaider to become principal guest conductor of the Mariinsky Orchestra in St. Petersburg. He is a regular guest conductor with orchestras such as the London Symphony Orchestra, Dresden Staatskapelle, Munich Philharmonic Orchestra, Czech Philharmonic, Los Angeles Philharmonic, Orchestre Philharmonique de Radio France, Russian National Orchestra, Halle Orchestra, Swedish Radio Orchestra, and Gothenburg Symphony.

Mr. Znaider's most recent addition to his RCA Red Seal discography is the Elgar Violin Concerto with Sir Colin Davis and the Dresden Staatskapelle. His recordings of the Brahms and Korngold violin concertos with the Vienna Philharmonic and Valery Gergiev, and the Beethoven and Mendelssohn concertos with Zubin Mehta and the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra, have received awards, and he has also released the complete works for violin and piano of Johannes Brahms with Yefim Bronfman. He has also recorded for EMI Classics.

For ten years Nikolaj Znaider was founder and artistic director of the Nordic Music Academy, an annual summer school. He plays the "Kreisler" Guarnerius "del Gesu" 1741, on extended loan from The Royal Danish Theater through the generosity of the Velux Foundations and the Knud Højgaard Foundation.

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