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Local Broadcast:
Alan Gilbert and Emanuel Ax

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Alan Gilbert and Emanuel Ax
This concert is now past.
Location: Avery Fisher Hall  (Directions)
Price Range: $41.00 - $123.00
 
Thu, Oct, 4, 2012
7:30 PM
 
Fri, Oct, 5, 2012
8:00 PM
 
Sat, Oct, 6, 2012
8:00 PM
Emanuel Ax

Program

  (Click the red play button to listen)
Keyboard Concerto in D minor
JOHANN SEBASTIAN BACH (1685-1750)
Concerto for Keyboard No. 1 in D Minor, BWV 1052 (ca. 1738)

Coming off a 9-year job at the court of Duke Johann Ernst of Sachse-Weimar, Johann Sebastian Bach entered the employ of the enlightened Prince Leopold of Anhalt-Cöthen from 1717 to 1723, where his composition of instrumental works could truly blossom. When that appointment ended (Leopold's second wife cared not a fig for music) Bach went to Leipzig to become cantor at St. Thomas Church, where his focus naturally centered on liturgical music. It was an exhausting tenure that required him to create all manner of music for weekly services and other religious observations — oratorios, cantatas (a new one practically every week!), and the great Passions. In 1729 he also became director of the Collegium Musicum in Leipzig. Founded by Telemann in 1704, it was a musical society of professional and amateur musicians and university students — and sometimes even Bach's talented harpsichordist sons — who performed Friday evenings in Gottfried Zimmermann's coffeehouse in cold weather, and, when the weather was warm, on Wednesday afternoons in Zimmermann's coffee-garden outside the Grimmisches east gate of the city. Here was Bach's chance to write secular music. Needless to say, the resulting demand for compositions was so high that he often "plagiarized" from his own works (today we might say he recycled them); e.g., from pieces he had composed in Cöthen, or transcribed compositions by others, also an acceptable practice at the time. In about 1738 he compiled a set of 6 keyboard concertos, whose original sources, scholars agree, were probably compositions for other "melody instruments" he reworked. The BWV 1052, the most popular of the keyboard concertos, seems to be based on a lost violin concerto. Scored for solo keyboard (here piano) and strings, it is cast in three movements. The initial Allegro launches a powerful unison statement of the theme that is the wellspring for the rest of the concerto. After a songlike Adagio, the final Allegro brings the work to a virtuosic conclusion.
ARNOLD SCHOENBERG (1874-1951)
Piano Concerto, Op. 42 (1942)

In Norman Lebrecht's excellent 2001 essay, "Why We're Still Afraid of Schoenberg," he paints the composer as an uncompromising iconoclast, and summarizes, "In a new century, Schoenberg takes his place beside Picasso and Joyce as a creator who altered the perception of art from innocent pleasure to an amalgam of celestial vision and cerebral struggle. In our age of vapid simplicity and dysfunctional irony, the music of Arnold Schoenberg becomes a refuge for the thinking listener, a place of principle and courage, of crossword-level complexity and, when you crack the code, of the deepest sensual satisfaction." The famous wit/pianist/entertainer Oscar Levant was an unafraid pupil of Schoenberg's and asked him to compose "a slight piano piece" for him. But one man's "slight piano piece" is another man's concerto, which it became soon enough. Levant recalled: "I wasn't prepared for a piano concerto and in the meantime Hanns Eisler [also Schoenberg's student] assumed the role of negotiator for Schoenberg. Among other things, the fee grew to a vast sum for which, as the dedicatee, I was promised immortality." But when the negotiations suddenly became "frenzied," it was all too much for Levant, and he bowed out of the project. The approximately 20-minute work is in a single movement, divided into four parts, each of which bears a (tongue-in-cheek?) heading: I. Life was so easy (Andante); II. Suddenly hatred broke out (Molto allegro); III. A grave situation was created (Adagio); and IV. But life goes on (Giocoso–Moderato–Stretto). When our Artist in Residence Emanuel Ax performed the work some years ago, LA Times music critic Mark Swed opined: "...what makes this concerto exceptional is that the traditional music-making occurs in an environment of swirling weirdness, of constant disorientation. Everywhere there are little details in the orchestra parts that throw a complacent listener off course. The piano writing is elaborate and fantastical. It is as if Schoenberg were showing his audience that it must hang on to what it needs from the past, but that it can never forget that it lives in the modern world."
Symphony No. 36, Linz
WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART (1756-1791)
Symphony No. 36 in C Major, K. 425, "Linz" (1783)

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart married Constanze Weber in August 1782 in Vienna, but waited nearly a year before traveling to Salzburg, so that the family might meet her and relations between father and son might be repaired. They left their 3-month old baby son in Vienna in the care of a nursemaid, while they made their journey in the summer of 1783. Once in Salzburg, they endured three miserable months in which Mozart was confronted with his father's usual criticisms and catalog of presumed infractions, Leopold's and Mozart's sister's cold reception of the new bride, and the news that little Raimund Leopold Mozart had died back in Vienna. In the fall the young couple made their way back to the capital with a stopover in the lovely city of Linz. They were invited and warmly received by Mozart's patron, Count Johann Joseph Thun-Hohenstein, whose family was well connected in Vienna, Prague, and Salzburg. The Count insisted that Mozart plan a concert within the next five days that would include a large-scale work, with the performance scheduled for November 4. Mozart wrote to his father: "As I have not a single symphony with me, I am writing a new one at breakneck speed, which must be finished by then." Between October 31 and November 3, the day before the concert, he completed the "Linz" Symphony — one of his finest creations. There is not a trace of the hurried circumstances that gave rise to this masterpiece. Mozart even tried something new for the occasion: a slow and majestic introduction, punctuated by timpani and trumpets (something he had recently learned from studying the symphonies of Haydn). Plenty of excitement ensues before the transition to the lovely Adagio and the following Menuetto with its celebratory tone. The "Linz" reaches its Presto conclusion festively, with timpani providing emphatic, vigorous punctuation.

Artists

Alan Gilbert New York Philharmonic Music Director Alan Gilbert began his tenure in September 2009, launching what New York magazine called “a fresh future for the Philharmonic.” The first native New Yorker to hold the post, he has sought to make the Orchestra a point of civic pride for the city and country. “The Philharmonic is once again part of any conversation about the liveliness of the arts: a goal that Mr. Gilbert announced on arrival, then wasted no time in achieving,” The New York Times praised.

Mr. Gilbert’s creative approach to programming combines works in fresh and innovative ways. He has also forged artistic partnerships, introducing the positions of The Marie-Josée Kravis Composer-in-Residence and The Mary and James G. Wallach Artist-in-Residence, held in the 2012–13 season by Christopher Rouse and pianist Emanuel Ax, respectively; an annual, multi-week festival, which this season is The Bach Variations in collaboration with 92nd Street Y; and CONTACT!, the new-music series in which Philharmonic musicians perform works by today’s leading and emerging composers in New York’s more intimate venues.

In the 2012–13 season, Alan Gilbert conducts world premieres by Anders Hillborg, Steven Stucky, and Christopher Rouse; presides over a cycle of Brahms’s complete symphonies and concertos; conducts Bach’s Mass in B minor and an all-American program that includes Ives’s Fourth Symphony; leads the Orchestra on the EUROPE / SPRING 2013 tour; and continues The Nielsen Project, the multi-year initiative to perform and record the Danish composer’s symphonies and concertos, the first release of which was named by The New York Times as among the Best Classical Music Recordings of 2012. The season concludes with Gilbert’s Playlist, four programs showcasing themes and ideas that Alan Gilbert has introduced since becoming Music Director, including the season finale: a theatrical reimagining of Stravinsky’s Petrushka and The Fairy’s Kiss in collaboration with director/designer Doug Fitch that features New York City Ballet principal dancer Sara Mearns.

Last season’s highlights included performances of three Mahler symphonies, including the Second, Resurrection, on A Concert for New York on September 10; the Orchestra’s first International Associates residency at London’s Barbican Centre as part of its EUROPE / WINTER 2012 tour; the CALIFORNIA / SPRING 2012 tour; and Philharmonic 360, the Philharmonic and Park Avenue Armory’s acclaimed spatial music program featuring Stockhausen’s Gruppen, about which The New York Times said: “Those who think classical music needs some shaking up routinely challenge music directors at major orchestras to think outside the box. That is precisely what Alan Gilbert did.” Highpoints of Mr. Gilbert’s first two Philharmonic seasons included the acclaimed performance of Janáček’s The Cunning Little Vixen, hailed by The Washington Post as “another victory,” building on 2010’s wildly successful staging of Ligeti’s Le Grand Macabre, which The New York Times called “an instant Philharmonic milestone”; world premieres of works by Marie-Josée Kravis Composer-in-Residence Magnus Lindberg, John Corigliano, Christopher Rouse, and composers featured on CONTACT!; Mr. Gilbert’s Philharmonic debut as violin soloist in J.S. Bach’s Concerto for Two Violins; four concerts at Carnegie Hall; and four tours to Europe, as well as the Asia Horizons tour, which included the Philharmonic’s Vietnam debut at the historic Hanoi Opera House.

In September 2011 Alan Gilbert became Director of Conducting and Orchestral Studies at The Juilliard School, where he is also the first holder of Juilliard’s William Schuman Chair in Musical Studies. Conductor Laureate of the Royal Stockholm Philharmonic Orchestra and principal guest conductor of Hamburg’s NDR Symphony Orchestra, he regularly conducts leading orchestras nationally and internationally, such as the Boston Symphony Orchestra, Amsterdam’s Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra, and the Berlin Philharmonic. His 2012–13 season engagements include appearances with the Boston Symphony Orchestra, Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra, Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra, NDR Symphony Orchestra, and Berlin Staatskapelle.

Alan Gilbert made his acclaimed Metropolitan Opera debut in 2008 leading John Adams’s Doctor Atomic; the DVD and Blu-ray of this production received the 2012 Grammy Award for Best Opera Recording. Renée Fleming’s recent Decca recording Poèmes, on which he conducted, received a 2013 Grammy Award. Earlier releases garnered Grammy Award nominations and top honors from the Chicago Tribune and Gramophone magazine.

Mr. Gilbert studied at Harvard University, The Curtis Institute of Music, and Juilliard and was assistant conductor of The Cleveland Orchestra (1995–97). In May 2010 he received an Honorary Doctor of Music degree from Curtis, and in December 2011 he received Columbia University’s Ditson Conductor’s Award for his “exceptional commitment to the performance of works by American composers and to contemporary music.”

Visit Alan Gilbert's Official Website

Emanuel Ax
Born in Lvov, Poland, Emanuel Ax moved to Canada with his family when he was a young boy. He studied at The Juilliard School and Columbia University, capturing public attention in 1974 when he won the first Arthur Rubinstein International Piano Competition in Tel Aviv. In 1975 he won the Michaels Award of Young Concert Artists and, four years later, he was awarded the Avery Fisher Prize.

Highlights of Mr. Ax's 2011-12 season include returns to the New York and Los Angeles Philharmonic orchestras; the Boston, Houston, Toronto, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Detroit, and Cincinnati symphony orchestras; and the San Francisco Symphony, where he is collaborating in the "American Mavericks" festival, which is to be repeated in Ann Arbor, Michigan, and New York's Carnegie Hall. As curator and participant with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra in a two-week "Keys to the City" residency, he will perform in multiple roles in a festival that is celebrating the many varied facets of the piano and its repertoire.

Mr. Ax's European appearances this season include returns to the Berlin Philharmonic, Amsterdam's Royal Concertgebouw, Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra, London Philharmonic, Chamber Orchestra of Europe, and the Orchestre National de France. Recent tours have included the New York Philharmonic's Asian Horizons tour — the Orchestra's first with Alan Gilbert as Music Director — and with the Chamber Orchestra of Europe and the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra in Europe.

Emanuel Ax has been an exclusive Sony Classical recording artist since 1987. He received Grammy Awards for the second and third volumes of his cycle of Haydn piano sonatas, and made a series of Grammy Award-winning recordings of the Beethoven and Brahms sonatas for cello and piano with Yo-Yo Ma. Mr. Ax resides in New York City with his wife, pianist Yoko Nozaki. He is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and holds honorary doctorates of music from Yale and Columbia Universities. In May 2011 the New York Philharmonic named him an Honorary Member of the Society on the occasion of his 100th performance with the Orchestra.

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Concert Duration

1 hour 45 minutes

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Special Thanks

Emanuel Ax is The Mary and James G. Wallach Artist-in-Residence. 

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